Algorithms In Heart Failure

Section 1 emergency department, covers the spectrum of what one would see and do in the emergency. From the early evaluation of the dyspneic patient to the diagnostic techniques, including biomarkers, echocardiography, and impedance to appropriate triage, risk stratification, and treatment of the patient, we offer practical suggestions to simplify diagnosis and management in this urgent care setting. Section 2 deals with heart failure in the hospital, which includes the use of biomarkers, the latest medical treatments, and the associated comorbidities such as hyponatremia, coronary artery disease, and cardiorenal syndromes. Section 3 deals with how to take care of chronic heart failure patients in the outpatient setting. There are chapters on monitoring with echocardiography and biomarkers, as well as strategic chapters on preserved ejection fraction, atrial fibrillation, and issues with anticoagulation. Section 4 deals with special issues in heart failure. This includes, age, gender, sex, and ethnic issues, along with heart failure in other countries as well as the veterans systems. We also deal with heart failure in the nursing home setting and get a good nursing perspective Section 5 deals with the approach to end-stage heart failure, and the final section deals with practical recommendations for diagnosis and management of cardiomyopathies.